Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Transport Layer
Presentation Layer
Router
Switch
Multiplexer
Modem
Latch
Shift register
Memory extension
Cache
FTP
HTTP
DNS
UDP
Encryption of data
To transmit faster
To detect errors
To identify the user
121.12.12.248
130.12.12.248
128.12.12.248
129.12.12.248
By counting the number of 1s in the data
By summing all the data bits and taking the complement
By XORing all the data bytes
By appending a fixed checksum value to the data
Physical
Network
Data Link
Transport
It immediately retransmits the frame.
It sends a jam signal to inform other devices of the collision.
It waits for a random amount of time before retransmitting.
It increases the transmission power to avoid collisions.
443
80
53
25
Secure/ MIME
Web Service Security
FIPS
Secure Sockets Layer
ARP
ICMP
DHCP
RARP
22
To increase the speed of data transmission
To reduce latency in the network
To encrypt data for secure transmission
To divide the available bandwidth into multiple channels
Encryption
Multiplexing
Segmentation
Framing
RSA algorithm
Diffie-Hellman algorithm
Electronic code book algorithm
None of the mentioned
To establish a connection
To terminate a connection
To transmit data
To check for errors in data
Ethernet
IP
TCP
UDP traffic
TCP traffic
Both of the mentioned
ACK
FIN
SYN
RST
SNMP
Ensuring secure encryption of data transmitted over the Internet.
Establishing physical connections between devices on the Internet.
Assigning unique addresses to devices and facilitating packet routing.
Controlling access to Internet resources through user authentication.
Star
Ring
Tree
Binary
Password
Combined Approach
Public-Key
None of these
Cutoff frequency
Low frequencies
upper high frequencies
Filtering
Encoding
Switching
The Internet and WWW are the same thing.
WWW is a regional subset of the Internet.
The Internet is a collection of websites, while WWW is the technology that enables data transfer over the Internet.
The Internet is a global network infrastructure, while WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
Host to host
Application
Internet
Network Access
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
100 Mbps
600 Mbps
Private key encryption
Public key encryption
Symmetric key encryption
Hybrid encryption
2.4Gbps
5Gbps
2.4GHz
5GHz
Physical layer
Data Link layer
Transport layer
Application layer
To map an IP address to a MAC address
To map a MAC address to an IP address
To route data from one network to another
To configure IP addresses dynamically
Computer Security
Information Security
Network Security
IGMP
Collision Detection and Retransmission (CDR)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
Token passing mechanism
Packet switching
The Internet exclusively uses wired connections.
The Internet is limited to communication within a single organization.
The Internet is a globally interconnected network of networks.
The Internet is controlled by a single centralized authority.
Decentralized network structure
Centralized control
Requires dedicated servers
Clients rely on servers for resources
IP/Netmask
IP/Subnet
IP/Router
IP/DNS
Complex Instruction Set Computer
Computer Integrated Sequential Compiler
Complex Instruction Sequential Compilation
Complete Instruction Sequential Compilation
It decreases the efficiency of data transmission
It involves combining multiple signals into a single transmission medium
It can only be used in analog communication systems
It reduces the complexity of the network
300.200.100.50
192.168.1.1
10.0.0.1
255.255.255.255
Bandwidth is always higher than throughput
Bandwidth and throughput are the same
Bandwidth defines the theoretical maximum data rate, while throughput is the actual data rate achieved
Throughput is always higher than bandwidth
Error detection and correction
Routing
Flow control
Denial-of-Service (DoS)
Phishing
Spoofing
SQL injection
To identify the physical location of a device on the network
To establish a connection between two devices on the network
To uniquely identify network interfaces
OSPF