UDP
IP
TCP
HTTP
FTP
DNS
Flow control
Error detection and correction
Segmentation and reassembly
Packet routing
MX record
CNAME record
A record
PTR record
IP/Netmask
IP/Subnet
IP/Router
IP/DNS
To identify the physical location of a device on the network
To establish a connection between two devices on the network
To uniquely identify network interfaces
To encrypt data for secure transmission
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
100 Mbps
600 Mbps
Time-To-Live (TTL)
Destination Address
Source Address
Checksum
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
ACK
FIN
SYN
RST
Routing
Framing
To divide the network into subnetworks
To allocate IP addresses
To provide a default gateway
To encrypt data
Secure/ MIME
Web Service Security
FIPS
Secure Sockets Layer
Star
Ring
Tree
Binary
300.200.100.50
192.168.1.1
10.0.0.1
255.255.255.255
443
80
53
25
Simplex
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Double Duplex
Subnetting
MAC address filtering
VLAN
CSMA/CD
Application Layer
Network layer
Data Link Layer
Transport
SNMP
DHCP
ICMP
To map a MAC address to an IP address
To route data from one network to another
To configure IP addresses dynamically
To map an IP address to a MAC address
By counting the number of 1s in the data
By summing all the data bits and taking the complement
By XORing all the data bytes
By appending a fixed checksum value to the data
To indicate the start of a data frame
To provide redundancy for error correction
To detect errors in transmitted data
To ensure the confidentiality of the data
It specifies the total length of the TCP segment
It indicates the length of the TCP header in 32-bit words
It denotes the maximum segment size that can be transmitted
It identifies the TCP version being used
Physical layer
Data Link layer
Transport layer
Application layer
Translating IP addresses to domain names
Converting domain names to IP addresses
Assigning IP addresses to devices
Storing user passwords
To establish a connection
To terminate a connection
To transmit data
To check for errors in data
Router
Hub
Repeater
Switch
The total number of packets sent over the network
The amount of data loss during transmission
The signal strength between two nodes
The amount of time data spends in transit
Host to host
Application
Internet
Network Access
Private key encryption
Public key encryption
Symmetric key encryption
Hybrid encryption
Unshielded twisted pair
Optical fiber
Coaxial cable
Microwave
The Internet and WWW are the same thing.
WWW is a regional subset of the Internet.
The Internet is a collection of websites, while WWW is the technology that enables data transfer over the Internet.
The Internet is a global network infrastructure, while WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
It immediately retransmits the frame.
It sends a jam signal to inform other devices of the collision.
It waits for a random amount of time before retransmitting.
It increases the transmission power to avoid collisions.
Botnet
Telnet
D-net
Transport Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
UDP traffic
TCP traffic
Both of the mentioned
None of the mentioned
68000
ASUS firebird
IA-32
ARM
block cipher
stream cipher
bit cipher
none of the mentioned
Filtering packets based on port numbers
Translating domain names to IP addresses
Determining the best path for forwarding packets to their destination
Establishing secure connections between hosts
10BASE-T
100BASE-TX
1000BASE-T
10GBASE-T
Higher data transfer rates
Reduced susceptibility to noise
Greater compatibility with modern devices
Lower power consumption
structure and behaviour of a computer system as observed by the developer
structure and behaviour of a computer system as observed by the user
structure of a computer system as observed by the developer
None of the above
Physical
Network
Data Link
Computer Security
Information Security
Network Security
None of these
MAN
NAN
WAN
Define protocols for cellular networks
Specify protocols for wired Ethernet networks
Establish guidelines for satellite communication
Standardize protocols for local area wireless networks
Software
Protocol
Hardware